In the dynamic domain of machine learning, familiarity with the jargon is critically important, whether you’re a novice or an experienced practitioner. This blog aims to assist you by presenting 100 crucial machine learning terms.
Here’s a compilation of 100 machine learning terms that are indispensable for every machine learning engineer to know:
- Algorithm: A sequence of instructions or procedures to resolve a problem.
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): The expansive field of computer science dedicated to developing machines capable of performing tasks that necessitate human intelligence.
- Batch Learning: Training a model using the complete dataset in a single step.
- Bias: A consistent error introduced by a model that leads to skewed predictions in a particular direction.
- Big Data: Vast and complex data sets that are beyond the scope of traditional data processing applications.
- Classification: The act of assigning a label or category to incoming data.
- Clustering: The practice of grouping similar data points.
- Convolutional Neural Network (CNN): A neural network variant highly effective for processing images.
- Cross-validation is a technique involving dividing a dataset into several parts for training and testing to evaluate model accuracy.
- Data Augmentation: Methods to enhance the variety of training data by applying transformations.
- Data Cleaning: The procedure of detecting and rectifying errors or inconsistencies in data sets.
- Decision Tree: A model resembling a tree structure used for classification and regression tasks.
- Deep Learning: A branch of machine learning that employs neural networks with numerous layers.
- Ensemble Learning: A strategy combining various models’ forecasts to bolster overall accuracy.
- Feature Engineering: The selecting and modifying of input variables to enhance model predictions.
- Gradient Descent: An optimization technique employed to reduce the error of a model.
- Hyperparameter: A model’s external configuration setting that can be fine-tuned to optimize outcomes.
- Imputation: The act of populating missing values within a dataset.
- K-Means Clustering: A widely used clustering algorithm that organizes data into k distinct clusters.
- Logistic Regression: A linear approach for binary classification tasks.
- Machine Learning Model: A mathematical framework of a real-world phenomenon capable of generating predictions.
- Neural Network: An architecture of interconnected units modeled after the human brain’s structure.
- Overfitting: A scenario in which a model memorizes the training data, including its anomalies, results in poor performance on new data.
- Precision: The proportion of accurate optimistic predictions to the total positive predictions made.
- Principal Component Analysis (PCA): A method for reducing dimensionality.
- Quantum Machine Learning: The fusion of quantum computing with machine learning techniques.
- Recurrent Neural Network (RNN): A neural network that handles sequential data.
- Regularization: Methods to curb overfitting by imposing penalties on significant coefficients.
- Regression: The process of predicting a continuous output.
- Random Forest: A method of ensemble learning that utilizes multiple decision trees.
- Supervised Learning: Learning a function from provided labeled training data.
- Unsupervised Learning: Learning patterns from unlabeled data without any predefined outcome labels.
- Validation Set: A data subset used for hyperparameter tuning and minimizing overfitting.
- Weights and Biases: The parameters adjusted during a model’s training phase.
- XGBoost: A high-performance and scalable library for gradient boosting.
- Zero-shot Learning: The ability of a model to predict outcomes for classes it has yet to be trained on.
- Activation Function: A function applied at a neural network node to introduce non-linearity.
- Bagging: Short for Bootstrap Aggregating, a method that constructs multiple models and aggregates their predictions.
- Confusion Matrix: A table that illustrates the performance metrics of a classification model.
- Deep Neural Network (DNN): A neural network with multiple hidden layers.
- Epoch: A complete cycle through the entire training dataset during a model’s training.
- F1 Score: An evaluation metric that combines precision and recall measures.
- Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM): A probabilistic approach utilized for grouping.
- Hadoop: A framework for distributed storage and processing of extensive data sets, available as open-source.
- Instance: An individual occurrence of input data within a dataset.
- Jupyter Notebook: A tool for creating and sharing documents that include live codes, equations, and visualizations, freely available.
- K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN): A straightforward and commonly employed algorithm for classification.
- L1 Regularization (Lasso): Adding the absolute values of the coefficients as a penalty to the equation.
- Model Evaluation Metrics: Criteria for gauging the effectiveness of a machine learning model.
- Natural Language Processing (NLP): The study of the interaction between computers and humans through the medium of natural language.
- Outlier: A data point significantly distant from a dataset’s other observations.
- Pruning: The act of eliminating superfluous nodes or branches from a decision tree.
- Quantization: The practice of minimizing the bit representation of model parameters.
- Reinforcement Learning: A learning method through trial and error while interacting with an environment.
- Sigmoid Function: A commonly utilized activation function in binary classification scenarios.
- TensorFlow: A comprehensive, open-source framework for machine learning created by Google.
- Underfitting: The condition where a model is too simplistic to capture the underlying trend of the data.
- Variance: The degree of variation in the predictions made by a model.
- Word Embedding: A method in NLP for representing words as vectors within a continuous vector space.
- XOR Problem: A classic challenge in machine learning where a linear model cannot learn the XOR function accurately.
- YAML (YAML Ain’t Markup Language): A format for data serialization that humans can read and frequently use in configuration files.
- Zero-Coding Machine Learning: Platforms and tools that enable the creation of models without programming.
- Adversarial Examples: Specially crafted input data intended to deceive a model.
- Bias-Variance Tradeoff: The equilibrium between underfitting and overfitting in model training.
- Capsule Network: An advanced neural network design aimed at addressing some of the drawbacks of conventional neural networks.
- Distributed Computing: Employing multiple computers in tandem to tackle complex problems.
- ElasticNet: A regression model that integrates both L1 and L2 regularization aspects.
- Feature Importance: The evaluation of the significance of input features in predictive modeling.
- Generative Adversarial Network (GAN): A neural network framework for generating authentic-looking data.
- Hierarchical Clustering: A technique for creating a cluster hierarchy or tree-like structure.
- Instance-based Learning: Learning directly from the examples provided without deriving explicit rules.
- Joint Probability: The likelihood of two or more simultaneous occurrences.
- Kullback-Leibler Divergence: A metric for quantifying the divergence between two probability distributions.
- LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory): A specialized RNN to remember long-term dependencies.
- Manifold Learning: Methods for exploring and understanding the fundamental structure of high-dimensional data.
- Nearest Centroid Classifier: A straightforward algorithm that classifies based on the proximity to the centroid of a class.
- Online Learning: The process of continually updating a model with each new piece of data received.
- Perceptron: The foundational neural network model functioning as a single-layer binary classifier.
- Q-Learning: A strategy in reinforcement learning aimed at decision-making.
- Regular Neural Network (RNN): Describes a neural network that lacks recurrent connections, contrasting traditional RNNs.
- Sensitivity and Specificity: Metrics for assessing the accuracy of a binary classification test.
- Transfer Learning: The technique of applying knowledge acquired from one problem to solve another related problem.
- Universal Approximation Theorem: The foundational principle that asserts neural networks can replicate any continuous function.
- Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) Dimension: An index reflecting the capacity of a classification methodology.
- Word2Vec: A widely utilized technique for word embeddings in natural language processing.
- XAI (Explainable Artificial Intelligence): Methods aimed at enhancing the interpretability of machine learning models.
- Yule-Walker Equations: Formulas applied in the analysis of time series data.
- Zero One Loss: A loss metric that imposes penalties solely on incorrect categorizations.
- Active Learning: A cyclic process in which a model deliberately chooses the most informative samples for learning.
- Backpropagation: An algorithm for supervised learning that is pivotal in training neural networks.
- Covariate Shift: Variations in the input data distribution over time.
- Denoising Autoencoder: An autoencoder variant engineered to eliminate noise from input samples.
- Ensemble Averaging: The technique of merging predictions from several models through averaging.
- Federated Learning: An approach to machine learning where the model learns across multiple decentralized devices.
- Gini Impurity: A metric quantifying the likelihood of incorrectly classifying a randomly selected element.
- Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning: The integration of reinforcement learning with hierarchical organization.
- Instance Segmentation: The process of identifying and outlining each instance of an object within an image.
- Joint Training: The practice of concurrently training various models on interconnected tasks.
- Kernel Trick: A strategy employed to transform input data into a higher-dimensional space for analysis indirectly.
- Laplace Smoothing: A method for smoothing categorical variables by introducing a minor constant to each frequency count.
This compilation encompasses a broad spectrum of notions within machine learning and aims to establish a robust groundwork for comprehension and activity in the domain.
Bear in mind that this lexicon is dynamic. The terminology of machine learning is in constant flux. Maintain your curiosity, remain proactive, and persist in navigating the boundaries of this thrilling discipline. The voyage doesn’t halt at this juncture; it merely marks the commencement of your delve into the captivating realm of machine learning.